INTRODUCTION : Due to the heterogeneity of underlying primary tumors, non-colorectal, non-neuroendocrine metastases to the liver (NCNNML), while relatively rare, pose major challenges to treatment and long-term management. While considered the gold standard for colorectal cancer liver metastases, the role of surgical resection for NCNNML remains controversial. Furthermore, the advancements in locoregional treatment modalities such as ablation and various chemotherapeutic modalities have contributed to treatment of patients with NCNNML.

METHODS : We conducted a comprehensive review of literature using Medline/PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science, which were accessed between 2014 to 2024.

RESULTS : NCNNML are rare tumor entities with varied presentation and outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach, which includes chemotherapy, surgery, and interventional radiological techniques, can be implemented with good results.

CONCLUSIONS : Given the complex nature of NCNNML, it is important to note that the management of NCNNML should be highly individualized and multidisciplinary in nature. Locoregional treatments such as surgical resection and/or ablation may be more appropriate for select patients and should be offered as a viable therapeutic option for a subset of individuals.