Immunocytochemistry is a type of diagnostic test used in cancer care. This lab technology is used by experts at the OSUCCC – James to help diagnose and manage certain diseases and cancers, like leukemia and lymphoma.
The OSUCCC – James physicians can use tests like these to create a customized treatment plan that addresses your specific cancer needs.
Immunophenotyping is testing that is used to diagnose and classify types of leukemia or lymphoma. Using a sample of blood – or sometimes bone marrow, tissue or fluid – pathologists use immunophenotyping to detect the absence or presence of white blood cell markers (antigens). With leukemia and lymphoma, certain unusual markers or groups of markers can be seen on white blood cells and, when compared to normal cells of the immune system, can help doctors identify specific types of leukemia or lymphoma, further classify the subtypes, and determine whether it is untreated or in remission. This can be done through different methods that are available at the James. Physicians select the technique most appropriate for the type of sample and cancer.
Immunophenotyping by Flow Cytometry
Using a sample of blood, bone marrow, tissue or fluid, pathologists can use flow cytometry to identify and count cells, determine the percentage of live cells and measure characteristics of cells, such as size and shape. These tests can also measure antigens (markers) on the surface of cells. During a flow cytometry test, cells are stained with a light-sensitive dye, placed in fluid and then passed one at a time through a beam of light (laser). The pathologists can then measure how each cell reacts to the laser as it passes through to determine what antigens are on the surface of the cells. By using these tests, pathologists can learn more about the type of cancer cells you have to give your care team at the OSUCCC – James a thorough understanding of your condition.
Immunophenotyping by Immunocytochemistry
Immunocytochemistry uses antibodies to check for certain antigens (tumor markers) in a sample of cells. Bone marrow or tissue samples are incubated with antibodies to label antigens within the sample. These are then usually linked or stained with a dye. The enzyme or dye is activated, and the antigen is then visible under a microscope and the pathologist can see which types of cells have the antigen. Immunocytochemistry can be used to diagnose cancers, including leukemia, and other diseases. It may also be used to help tell the difference between types of cancer.